Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evalution of Ventilago Calyculata

Ventilago calyculata (Rhamnaceae) commonly known as Pitti. Ventilago calyculata is present in hotter parts of India, Burma, Siam, China, in forest region. The plant is antimalarial, Antiviral, stomachic, skin disorder. Phytochemical studies had revealed the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannin, naphthoquinone, anthraquinone. Present study was carried out to determine, the morphological, microscopical and phytochemical profiles. Microscopy show thick unicellular covering trichomes, vein islet no.-3, vein termination no.-6, Anomocytic type stomata, lignifed, xylem, etc. The physical parameter such as moisture content, ash value and extractive value were evaluated. INTRODUCTION: Ventilago calyculata (Rhamnaceae) commonly known as Pitti. Ventilago calyculata is present in hotter parts of India, Burma, Siam, China, in forest region. Shrubs are scandent. Young branches glabrous or sparsely glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade oblong or ovate, lower and middle margins entire, upper margin irregularly remotely dentate. Mainly Bark, Leave for dye use. The juice of bark and young shoots is applied to the body as remedy for the pains which accompany malarial fever, yellow and green color dyes synthesis, as stomachic, tonic and stimulant, Antiviral Activity 1, . Organoleptic evaluation of drugs refers to the evaluation of drugs by color, odor, size, shape, taste and special features including touch and texture etc. Organoleptic evaluations can be done by means of organs of special sense which includes the above parameters and thereby define some specific characteristics of the material which can be considered as a first step towards establishment of identity and degree of purity . Phytochemical evaluation of drug refers to determine quality and purity, such as through Ash value it refers to the adulterants and impurity. Extractive value shows to estimation of specific constituents, soluble in that particular solvent used for extraction. Moisture content the moisture requirements for enzymatic activity and that which microorganisms demand, vary hot only with species, but also with other environmental factor . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Leaves were collected from local area of Panna, Madhya Pradesh, India, in November-December. The plant was identified and authenticated by Dr. ZIia Ul Hasan, HOD, Department of Botany, Saifia Science College Bhopal. Prepared herbarium was submitted and the plant was certified as Ventilago calyculata. Specimen no.-231/Bot/Saifia /11. Chemicals and instruments: Compound microscope, Camera lucida (mirror type), Stage and eye piece micrometer and other basic equipments and glass wares are used for the present study. Solvents like Methanol, Acetone, Petroleum ether, Water are used. Pharmacognostical studies: Morphological studies: The shape, size, color, taste and odor of leaves were determined.